The Walker circulation is a zonal convection loop in the equatorial regions. In the Pacific, it is associated with ascendance over the warm Western Pacific, subsidence over the cold East Pacific, eastward transport in the upper troposphere and westward atmospheric flow in the lower layers. See section 5.2.1.
Oceanographers talk about water mass formation when a volume of water acquires specific properties, such as temperature and salinity, in interactions with the atmosphere and keeps them while being transported by ocean currents. See section 1.3.3.2 and see also deep water mass formation and themohaline circulation.
Weathering is the decomposition of rocks and soils at or near the Earth's surface. See sections 2.3.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.3.2.
Westerlies are winds coming from the west that are typically found at mid latitudes. See section 1.2.2.
Wien's law states that the wave length at which the radiant energy of a black body is greatest is only a function of temperature. For the Sun, this maximum is located in the visible part of the spectrum, while for the Earth it is located in the infrared. See section 2.1.1.